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單相(xiang)(xiang)異步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機，是由單相(xiang)(xiang)交流電(dian)源供電(dian)的(de)，電(dian)機定(ding)子(zi)上有一(yi)套單相(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)作繞組，單相(xiang)(xiang)繞組產生(sheng)的(de)磁勢是正負交變的(de)脈振磁勢，不能產生(sheng)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)轉矩；電(dian)機定(ding)子(zi)上還要有一(yi)套輔助繞組，或(huo)在磁路結構上采取相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)措施，使電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機具(ju)備(bei)自行起(qi)動(dong)(dong)能力。

單(dan)相電阻起動異(yi)步電動機

該(gai)電(dian)機(ji)定子有主繞(rao)組(zu)和(he)副(fu)繞(rao)組(zu)，它們的(de)軸線在空間(jian)相差90°電(dian)角度(du)，電(dian)阻值一(yi)般(ban)(ban)較大的(de)副(fu)繞(rao)組(zu)，經起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)關(guan)與(yu)主繞(rao)組(zu)并聯后(hou)，一(yi)起(qi)接入電(dian)源。電(dian)機(ji)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后(hou)，當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速接近同步轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速時，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)關(guan)被打(da)開(kai)，副(fu)繞(rao)組(zu)從電(dian)源上斷(duan)開(kai)，由主繞(rao)組(zu)單(dan)獨工作。這種電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)特點是結構簡單(dan)、成本較低(di)、運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)平穩(wen)，但起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)流較大，可達額定電(dian)流的(de)5倍(bei)以上，最大會(hui)有9-10倍(bei)；該(gai)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩、過(guo)載能力(li)和(he)額定力(li)能指標一(yi)般(ban)(ban)。因而(er)該(gai)類電(dian)機(ji)功(gong)率范圍一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為幾十到幾百瓦，適用于起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩無特殊要求的(de)小型機(ji)床(chuang)、鼔風機(ji)和(he)按摩器(qi)等。

單相電容起動(dong)異(yi)步電動(dong)機

該電機(ji)的(de)結構和電阻起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)式相同，但在副繞組回路中串接有一個容(rong)量較大的(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電容(rong)器。該電機(ji)除具有電阻起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電機(ji)的(de)優點(dian)外，具備起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉矩顯著增大、起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電流卻較小的(de)特點(dian)。但緣于大容(rong)量電容(rong)器價格較貴(gui)，因而電容(rong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電機(ji)的(de)功率范圍一般為幾百(bai)瓦，適用于高起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉矩或滿載(zai)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)場合，如(ru)小型空氣壓縮(suo)機(ji)、電冰箱(xiang)和磨粉機(ji)等。

原文鏈(lian)接：//mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9sp9N82qJUwb_fjnI7aKww